Prostate cancer is typically slow-growing and generally affects older men. It can take many years before it is detected. Small areas of cancer within the prostate are very common and may remain unchanged for some time before they begin to grow and spread. These cancers grow very slowly and so, particularly in elderly men, may never cause any problem. In some cases, the cancer may spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones and lymph nodes. This is called advanced prostate cancer.

The causes of prostate cancer are unknown. It develops when the cells in the prostate gland grow more quickly than in a normal prostate, forming a malignant lump or tumour. The chance of developing prostate cancer increases:

• Age: Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer are over the age of 65

• If your father, uncle, brother or son has had prostate cancer

If you are a man over the age of 50 with a family history of prostate cancer, you should talk with your doctor about getting checked.

If you are 60 or older, you should be aware of the symptoms or unusual changes in your body and visit your doctor about getting checked.

Symptoms

If you experience all or some of the below symptoms of prostate enlargement, it is important that you have them checked by your doctor. But remember, most prostate enlargements are not cancers and these symptoms are common to other health issues.

• A weak or slow urinary stream

• Frequent urination

• Frequent night-time urination

• An urgent need to urinate

• Trouble urinating

• Blood in the urine

• Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs

Reduce your risks

• Consume more fruit and vegetables

• Men over the age of 50 should be especially aware of their prostate health

For more cancer-related information and support, please visit the Hong Kong Cancer Fund website or contact Hong Kong Cancer Fund free enquiry hotline: (852) 3656 0800

Source: Hong Kong Cancer Fund